Rankings
Compare & report →Rank, filter and compare the AI economy across geographies (countries, cities, US states), industries, and occupations. Tick rows (or map items) to compare and export a report.
For every job we estimate how much AI can do it, how likely that is, and how much still needs a human — split into done by AI, helped by AI, and stays human. The {term('OFI','OFI')} (0–100) sums up the pressure to change.For each occupation: AI exposure, adoption, economic pressure, regulatory friction and trust needs — decomposed into automate / augment / remain-human. OFI is the transformation-pressure score.Per-occupation, OFI = transformation pressure over task exposure × adoption × economic pressure × agentic exposure, damped by friction and oversight, with an automate/augment/remain-human task decomposition. Grounded in AIOE and Eloundou et al.
| # | Occupation | Family | OFI | Exposure | Automate | Augment | Human | Median wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel Agents | Sales | 67.9 | 93 | 70% | 22% | 8% | $47,000 | |
| Data Entry Keyers | Clerical & Administrative | 61.1 | 90 | 72% | 20% | 8% | $37,790 | |
| Telemarketers | Sales & Clerical | 59.7 | 88 | 70% | 22% | 8% | $34,230 | |
| Cashiers | Sales | 58.1 | 82 | 60% | 25% | 15% | $29,000 | |
| Receptionists & Information Clerks | Office & Admin | 57.9 | 86 | 55% | 30% | 15% | $35,000 | |
| Translators & Interpreters | Language & Communication | 53.0 | 92 | 62% | 30% | 8% | $57,090 | |
| Proofreaders & Copy Editors | Language & Communication | 51.8 | 90 | 60% | 30% | 10% | $47,740 | |
| Customer Service Representatives | Clerical & Service | 48.8 | 85 | 55% | 35% | 10% | $39,680 | |
| General Office Clerks | Clerical & Administrative | 44.9 | 80 | 55% | 33% | 12% | $40,480 | |
| Data Scientists | Tech & Analytics | 41.0 | 86 | 25% | 60% | 15% | $108,000 | |
| Software Developers | Technical & Engineering | 39.9 | 82 | 35% | 50% | 15% | $132,270 | |
| Bookkeeping & Accounting Clerks | Finance & Clerical | 39.6 | 82 | 55% | 33% | 12% | $47,440 | |
| Market Research Analysts | Business & Analytics | 39.2 | 80 | 42% | 45% | 13% | $74,680 | |
| Tax Preparers | Finance | 36.6 | 84 | 55% | 33% | 12% | $49,010 | |
| Writers & Authors | Creative & Media | 36.5 | 86 | 40% | 45% | 15% | $73,690 | |
| Insurance Sales Agents | Sales | 35.9 | 78 | 40% | 42% | 18% | $59,000 | |
| Graphic Designers | Creative & Media | 33.5 | 75 | 38% | 47% | 15% | $58,910 | |
| Database Administrators | Tech & Analytics | 33.2 | 74 | 40% | 45% | 15% | $101,000 | |
| Insurance Underwriters | Finance | 31.2 | 80 | 48% | 40% | 12% | $77,860 | |
| Management Consultants | Professional | 30.7 | 80 | 25% | 55% | 20% | $99,000 | |
| Retail Salespersons | Sales | 30.6 | 66 | 35% | 40% | 25% | $33,000 | |
| Journalists & Reporters | Creative & Media | 30.0 | 78 | 35% | 45% | 20% | $57,500 | |
| Financial Analysts | Finance | 29.9 | 78 | 33% | 52% | 15% | $99,890 | |
| Paralegals & Legal Assistants | Legal | 28.5 | 80 | 42% | 45% | 13% | $60,970 | |
| Loan Officers | Finance | 24.6 | 74 | 38% | 45% | 17% | $69,990 | |
| Human Resources Specialists | Business & Administrative | 23.4 | 72 | 32% | 48% | 20% | $67,650 | |
| Actuaries | Finance | 23.1 | 78 | 30% | 50% | 20% | $120,000 | |
| Real Estate Agents | Sales | 23.1 | 70 | 30% | 45% | 25% | $54,000 | |
| Accountants & Auditors | Finance | 22.1 | 72 | 30% | 52% | 18% | $79,880 | |
| Compliance Officers | Professional | 21.9 | 74 | 30% | 50% | 20% | $75,000 | |
| Lawyers | Legal | 14.8 | 70 | 20% | 55% | 25% | $145,760 | |
| Welders | Manufacturing | 14.6 | 40 | 30% | 30% | 40% | $48,000 | |
| Postsecondary Teachers | Education | 13.8 | 60 | 18% | 52% | 30% | $84,380 | |
| Security Guards | Protective Services | 13.0 | 45 | 30% | 35% | 35% | $37,000 | |
| Pharmacists | Healthcare | 9.6 | 58 | 18% | 50% | 32% | $133,000 | |
| Chefs & Cooks | Food Services | 8.8 | 34 | 18% | 32% | 50% | $35,000 | |
| Radiologic Technologists | Healthcare | 8.6 | 50 | 15% | 50% | 35% | $73,000 | |
| Physicians & Surgeons | Healthcare | 8.2 | 55 | 12% | 58% | 30% | $229,300 | |
| Elementary School Teachers | Education | 7.6 | 48 | 12% | 48% | 40% | $63,680 | |
| Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | Transportation | 7.2 | 35 | 22% | 30% | 48% | $54,320 | |
| Carpenters | Construction | 5.8 | 26 | 12% | 28% | 60% | $56,000 | |
| Veterinarians | Healthcare | 5.8 | 42 | 12% | 45% | 43% | $119,000 | |
| Registered Nurses | Healthcare | 5.5 | 40 | 10% | 45% | 45% | $86,070 | |
| Social Workers | Public Sector & Social Services | 4.1 | 34 | 10% | 40% | 50% | $58,380 | |
| Flight Attendants | Transportation | 3.7 | 30 | 10% | 30% | 60% | $63,000 | |
| Electricians | Skilled Trades | 2.6 | 22 | 6% | 30% | 64% | $61,590 | |
| Police & Sheriff's Patrol Officers | Public Sector & Safety | 2.6 | 28 | 8% | 35% | 57% | $72,280 | |
| Construction Laborers | Manual & Construction | 2.5 | 16 | 8% | 20% | 72% | $45,300 | |
| Plumbers, Pipefitters & Steamfitters | Skilled Trades | 2.2 | 20 | 5% | 27% | 68% | $61,550 | |
| Home Health & Personal Care Aides | Healthcare & Service | 1.9 | 18 | 5% | 22% | 73% | $33,530 |